A Signer represents an account on the Ethereum Blockchain, and is most often backed by a private key represented by a mnemonic or residing on a Hardware Wallet.

The API remains abstract though, so that it can deal with more advanced exotic Signing entities, such as Smart Contract Wallets or Virtual Wallets (where the private key may not be known).

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Extends

• Addressable.ContractRunner

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Properties

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Methods

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call()

call(tx): Promise<string>

Evaluates th tx by running it against the current Blockchain state. This cannot change state and has no cost in ether, as it is effectively simulating execution.

This can be used to have the Blockchain perform computations based on its state (e.g. running a Contract’s getters) or to simulate the effect of a transaction before actually performing an operation.

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Parameters

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Returns

Promise<string>

A promise resolving to the result of the call.

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Overrides

ContractRunner.call

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Source

signers/signer.ts:124

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connect()

connect(provider): Signer

Returns a new instance of this Signer connected to provider or detached from any Provider if null.

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Parameters

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Returns

Signer

A new instance of this Signer.

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Throws

If the Signer cannot be connected to the Provider.

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Source

signers/signer.ts:31

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createAccessList()

createAccessList(tx): Promise<AccessList>

Creates an AccessList for the transaction. This is used to specify which addresses the transaction might touch.

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Parameters

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Returns

Promise<AccessList>

A promise resolving to the access list.

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Overrides

ContractRunner.createAccessList

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Source

signers/signer.ts:112

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estimateGas()

estimateGas(tx): Promise<bigint>

Estimates the required gas required to execute tx on the Blockchain. This will be the expected amount a transaction will require as its gasLimit to successfully run all the necessary computations and store the needed state that the transaction intends.

Keep in mind that this is best efforts, since the state of the Blockchain is in flux, which could affect transaction gas requirements.

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Parameters

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Returns

Promise<bigint>

A promise resolving to the estimated gas.

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Overrides

ContractRunner.estimateGas

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Throws

UNPREDICTABLE_GAS_LIMIT A transaction that is believed by the node to likely fail will throw an error during gas estimation. This could indicate that it will actually fail or that the circumstances are simply too complex for the node to take into account. In these cases, a manually determined gasLimit will need to be made.

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Source

signers/signer.ts:104

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getAddress()

getAddress(): Promise<string>

Get the address of the Signer.

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Returns

Promise<string>

The address of the Signer.

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Overrides

Addressable.getAddress

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Throws

If the Signer has no address.

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Source

signers/signer.ts:42

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getNonce()

getNonce(blockTag?): Promise<number>

Gets the next nonce required for this Signer to send a transaction.

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Parameters

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Returns

Promise<number>

The next nonce.

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Source

signers/signer.ts:51

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populateCall()

populateCall(tx): Promise<TransactionLike>

Prepares a TransactionRequest for calling:

• Resolves to and from addresses
• If from is specified , check that it matches this Signer

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Parameters

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Returns

Promise<TransactionLike>

A promise resolving to the prepared transaction.

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Source

signers/signer.ts:65

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populateQuaiTransaction()

populateQuaiTransaction(tx): Promise<TransactionLike>

Prepares a TransactionRequest for sending to the network by populating any missing properties:

• Resolves to and from addresses
• If from is specified , check that it matches this Signer
• Populates nonce via signer.getNonce("pending")
• Populates gasLimit via signer.estimateGas(tx)
• Populates chainId via signer.provider.getNetwork()
• Populates type and relevant fee data for that type (gasPrice)

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Parameters

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Returns

Promise<TransactionLike>

A promise resolving to the prepared transaction.

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Throws

If the transaction is invalid.

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Note

Some Signer implementations may skip populating properties that are populated downstream; for example JsonRpcSigner defers to the node to populate the nonce and fee data.

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Source

signers/signer.ts:84

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sendTransaction()

sendTransaction(tx): Promise<TransactionResponse>

Sends tx to the Network. The signer.populateTransaction(tx) is called first to ensure all necessary properties for the transaction to be valid have been popualted first.

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Parameters

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Returns

Promise<TransactionResponse>

A promise resolving to the transaction response.

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Overrides

ContractRunner.sendTransaction

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Throws

If the transaction is invalid.

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Source

signers/signer.ts:147

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signMessage()

signMessage(message): Promise<string>

Signs an EIP-191 prefixed personal message.

If the message is a string, it is signed as UTF-8 encoded bytes. It is not interpretted as a BytesLike; so the string "0x1234" is signed as six characters, not two bytes.

To sign that example as two bytes, the Uint8Array should be used (i.e. new Uint8Array([ 0x12, 0x34 ])).

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Parameters

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Returns

Promise<string>

A promise resolving to the signed message.

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Throws

If the message is invalid.

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Source

signers/signer.ts:161

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signTransaction()

signTransaction(tx): Promise<string>

Signs tx, returning the fully signed transaction. This does not populate any additional properties within the transaction.

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Parameters

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Returns

Promise<string>

A promise resolving to the signed transaction.

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Throws

If the transaction is invalid.

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Source

signers/signer.ts:137

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signTypedData()

signTypedData(
   domain, 
   types, 
value): Promise<string>

Signs the EIP-712 typed data.

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Parameters

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Returns

Promise<string>

A promise resolving to the signed typed data.

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Source

signers/signer.ts:171